Institute of MA’63 Studies Sabah and Sarawak
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Wednesday, 1 April 2026
Christian Pray Every Night, Just For Three Minutes, For Healing The Mind . . . Everything will be resolved during the dreaming stage! Read Further Here . . . https://fernzthegreat.wordpress.com/2026/04/01/christian-pray-every-night-just-for-three-minutes-for-healing-the-mind/ BM Version Inside As Link . . . Dear Reader, Do sponsor the Blog based on zero advertising as it needs monetising for the 12 hours Admins put in daily. MayBank in Malaysia Joseph Savings Account 110144244603 We speak up and speak out, as independent media, on matters of public concern and matters of public interest including cases in court, cases which should be there, and issues in the court of public opinion. Readers have right of reply. Thanks Admins Share Blog Link with two Friends. Like, Follow, Share, Auto-Debit . . .
Tuesday, 31 March 2026
It was Mahathir who did away with institutionalised checks and balances based on voters placing all the votes under one political platform. https://says.com/my/news/you-acted-in-bad-faith-najib-ordered-to-pay-rm5-25-billion-to-src-international?utm_source=WA-SAYS&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=WATraffic#
Monday, 30 March 2026
Sabah Claim Used As Rhetoric and Polemics . . . Sabah claim frequently used as political polemic in Philippines - Hajiji https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/121239/sabah-claim-frequently-used-as-political-polemic-in-philippines-hajiji
Saturday, 26 July 2025
Malaysia Plagued By Legal Incompetence . . .
Malaysia Plagued By Legal Incompetence . . .
BFD (Basic Features Doctrine) being disregarded shows lack of skills for law practice and lack of skills for court room work!
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Commentary And Analysis . . . Dear YB Kulasegaran, I remember reading the Kulasegaran story about growing up in the estate, having no IC, and finally passing out in England with LLB.
The Indira Gandhi case was great day for the rule of law in Malaysia. The BFD (Basic Features Doctrine) permeates the Federal Constitution. Yet, in contradiction in terms, former Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak sits in jail, since 23 August 2022, as political prisoner denied house arrest.
The issue in Malaysia, based on Chief Justice (CJ) Tun Richard Malanjum’s Farewell Address in 2019 and the Memoirs, “My Story: Justice in the Wilderness”, by Attorney General (AG) Tan Sri Tommy Thomas remains the lack of skills for law practice and the lack of skills for court room work.
Hence, Malaysia may be plagued by legal incompetence.
The Articleship Programme for Barrister at Law was about skills for law practice and skills for court room work.
The Bar Council, Sabah Law Society and Advocates Association of Sarawak can conduct evening classes for articled clerks with legal chambers and prepare the final examination. The classes can run for between six months and 18 months.
The LLB, the law schools have cautioned forever, does not impart skills for law practice and skills for court room work.
The LLB, being academic programmes, can at best be used only for teaching law.
The CLP remains needless memory exercise in case law. AI can do better in legal research. It’s instant and free.
https://www.gkg.legal/can-a-court-of-law-change-the-language-of-a-written-constitution/
The Constitution came first in English.
If there's inconsistency in law between the English version and translation, the former prevails in law.
Agong cannot declare that the national language version (translation) prevails in law over the English version (original). That would be violation of the Basic Features Doctrine (BFD) which permeates the Federal Constitution.
It would be revolution, viz. tearing up the Constitution, if the BFD was disregarded.
In that case, there should be new Constitution.
Revolution was unlawful.
In any case, the national language under Article 152 in the form of the 20K word Bahasa Melayu (Johor Rhio Lingga version), has been overtaken by the 40K Bahasa Malaysia.
Bahasa Malaysia was label for group of loan words from Bahasa Melayu, local languages and dialects and English.
Bahasa Melayu was label for group of loan words from Khmer, Tamil, Sanskrit and Pali. There's no English in Bahasa Melayu. There might be loan words from other local languages and dialects. rgds
Joseph
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https://fernzthegreat.wordpress.com/2025/07/26/bumiputeraism-in-malaysia-failed-from-day-one/
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Dear All, those who want advice on any legal matter, need Solicitor or AI input on anything can whatsApp me at +601127645133. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Thanks
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Dear All,
We will post Articles from the Blog and related websites in this dedicated chat group as form of public education based on connecting the dots and/or embedded intelligence gathering or insights.
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We seek sponsors for the Blog. Any amount will do.
No obligations.
Sponsorship can be via auto debit every three or four months or more frequently.
Alternatively, readers can make small transfer on personal-to-holder basis, and thereby help facilitate the cash flow.
Sponsorship or transfer, no matter how small, will help underwrite the time cost management of maintaining the Blog which will be eight years old this year. It’s not monetised.
We are open if readers propose lifetime sponsorship based on one time payment. We don't have any figure in mind. We welcome suggestions.
Some of the funds raised by sponsorship would provide scholarship for students not in school. They can attend private tuition which would focus on foundation for entering university.
The Blog was about independent media on creating public awareness and building up public perceptions on matters of public concern and matters of public interest.
The media, being the 4th Estate, remains about the above matters.
The AG’s role and functions, under Article 145, also refer.
Again, the bottom line was that the Blog would focus on public education based on connecting the dots and/or embedded intelligence gathering and insights.
Hopefully, that helps makes difference for the better. Thanks
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Monday, 10 March 2025
Pax Americana Exists, No Proof It Can Be Tweaked . . .

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Executive Summary . . . The US government, no matter who comes and goes in Washington, does not change.
It alternately liberalises and turns on the screws.
The US government, no matter who is the President, turns on the screws when liberalisation has run its course.
The US goes between proxy wars and suddenly stopping the war and siding with the other side. US, in supporting Russia, would no longer fund proxy war in Ukraine.
America, based purely on economic interests under the America First, Make America Great Again (Maga) and the American Dream initiatives, will fund and arm Ukraine for defence purposes.
The American Dream was about the brightest and best, from around the world, leading the way for All.
It’s about the rule of law, the basis of the Constitution.
Intelligence remains the ability for learning from mistakes.
America has premier position based on the US$ being valued in gold, gold being bought and sold only in US$, the US$ being the only currency for direct convertibility, the US$ — as the international standard and reserve — being the trigger currency in cross trading in the forex market, the US ownership of SWIFT for interbank transfers worldwide, and the US having the ability for weaponising the US$ and SWIFT for imposing sanctions and thereby reducing a people into extreme poverty. Syria and Iran are examples.
Russia survives US sanctions because of India and China.
India, in looking the other way on the war in Ukraine, has set up group of 20 nations for bilateral trade denominated in rupees. The group, which started with Russia for oil and gas imports, includes Malaysia.
China was behind Russia in Ukraine. America lost in Korea and Vietnam because China was involved.
America lost in Afghanistan because of Russia, China and NATO.
America researches everything to death.
The Pentagon’s war plans for example, each worked out by one General, are driven by scenario-building based on paranoia.
Intelligence gathering, embedded for stoking latent hatreds and thereby creating new enemies in the form of terrorist movements and state sponsors of terrorism, supports the war plans.
The war-mongering UK-US Special Relationship in cahoots with the US Military Industrial Academic Complex, the US Deep State and the international media are in the picture. It was Wikileaks Founder Julian Assange who cautioned the world, albeit too little too late, that all wars in the last 50 years were created by great media lies.
Trump sees no reason for the war-mongering UK-US Special Relationship, has nothing but contempt for the international media, and believes that the Deep State will end America if America does not end the Deep State.
Trump, as during the first term, sees EU and NATO as redundant for the US-led global security framework comprising other Asia-Pacific powers India, China, Russia and Japan in that order of importance.
The US-led QUAD comprises India, Japan and Australia, all Asia-Pacific powers, in that order of importance.
US President Coolidge said, “the business of the American people is business”. The US government has never deviated from that. Again, the 800 US bases around the world isn’t about war but securing America’s economic interests under the guise of defence and security.
Europe defending itself without the US was unsustainable. NATO cannot demand thst the US fund and arm Europe for offensive wars and proxy wars. America was only about securing economic interests. The US was not about seizing the moral high ground. America will not make Europe relevant and great.
America was light years ahead in technology. Since most of America’s IT people come from India, the latter can pace the former on innovations.
US isn’t confronting China. There are synergies in the US-China relationship, just as there are synergies in the India-US relationship, synergies in the India-China relationship, synergies in the India-Russia relationship, synergies in the India-Israel relationship, synergies in the US-Israel relationship, and synergies in the China-Russia relationship.
India’s 20 nation group isn’t about de-dollarisation although bilateral trade would not be in US$. The group was about helping countries with fewer US$ in forex reserves. At the same time, the group gives lifeline to countries like Russia which has been denied US$ by the weaponisation of sanctions and US$. The group of 20 nations remain separate from BRICS which remains collective voice for the global south. BRICS isn’t anti-US, and isn’t anti US$ and isn’t for dedollarisation. India, veto wielding power in BRICS, was bound by common values with America.
Commentary And Analysis (incorporates critical FeedBack from DeepSeek on Executive Summary) . . . The media has critique, whether timely or otherwise, of Trump’s potential impact on US global leadership and its implications, if any, on China.
However, a more nuanced analysis that incorporates the role of US military bases, financial systems, and sanctions would offer a fuller picture of the challenges and opportunities facing the Trump 2.0 administration.
Pax Americana was not just about alliances but also about the structural pillars of American power that have sustained its global dominance for decades. By addressing these elements, the media could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the shifting global order. There’s no risk of US retreat.
The media raises critical questions about the potential unraveling of Pax Americana under a second Trump presidency, particularly in the context of US-China relations and the reliability of American alliances.
While the media narratives highlight the potential erosion of trust among US allies and the purported limitations of Trump’s unilateral approach, it could benefit from a deeper analysis of the structural pillars that underpin US global power, the cyclical nature of American foreign policy, and the geopolitical dynamics involving key players like Russia, China, and India.
The US government, regardless of who occupies the White House, operates within a cyclical framework of liberalization and tightening. Historically, the US alternates between periods of openness and engagement (liberalization) and periods of assertiveness and coercion (turning on the screws). This pattern reflects the pragmatic nature of American foreign policy, which adapts to changing global dynamics. For example, the US has oscillated between supporting proxy wars and suddenly halting them to realign with former adversaries. Under Trump, this could manifest in a sudden shift from funding Ukraine’s defence to seeking a deal with Russia, based on economic or strategic interests. This cyclical approach, while predictable, should not undermine long-term trust among allies and create uncertainty in the international system.
The US, under initiatives like “America First,” “Make America Great Again” (MAGA), and the American Dream, prioritizes its economic interests above all else. The American Dream, historically about attracting the brightest and best from around the world to lead the way for all, is rooted in the rule of law and the Constitution.
The US dollar’s dominance as the global reserve currency and standard and control over financial systems like SWIFT are critical tools of American power. The US dollar has been valued in gold, the precious metal was bought and sold only in US dollars, and the US$ remains the only currency with direct convertibility. The dollar’s status allows it to serve as the trigger currency in cross-trading in the forex market for exchange rate purposes.
Additionally, US ownership of SWIFT enables it to facilitate interbank transfers worldwide and weaponize the dollar and SWIFT to impose sanctions, as seen in cases like Syria and Iran, where sanctions reduced the entire population into extreme poverty. However, Russia has managed to survive US sanctions due to support from India and China.
There’s no proof that Trump’s policies would accelerate the decline of the dollar’s hegemony, especially as countries like India and China develop alternative financial systems. The world has so far not accepted these alternative financial systems. China itself holds US$3t in US$ holdings.
India, looks the other way on the war in Ukraine, and has group of 20 nations for bilateral trade denominated in rupees. This group, which started with Russia for oil and gas imports, now includes countries like Malaysia. This move isn’t about de-dollarization, although bilateral trade would not be conducted in US dollars. Instead, the group aims to help countries with fewer US dollars in forex reserves, providing them with an alternative means, for conducting trade. At the same time, the group offers a lifeline to countries like Russia, which has been denied access to US dollars due to the weaponization of sanctions.
The group of 20 nations remains separate from BRICS which serves as a collective voice for the global south. BRICS was not anti-US, not anti-dollar, and not for de-dollarization. India, as a veto-wielding power in BRICS, was bound by common values with America. The relationship goes beyond the English language, the rule of law, human rights and international law. There’s place for civilisational values as well as seen in the Hindu Dharma reflected in sanatana dharma.
The India-US relationship was characterized by strong economic ties, technological collaboration, besides shared democratic values. The US benefits from India’s growing market and skilled workforce, while India gains access to American technology and investment.
The US-China relationship was not adversarial as there are significant synergies that benefit both nations. For instance, China’s manufacturing capabilities complement America’s technological innovation, creating a mutually beneficial economic relationship. Additionally, both countries have shared interest in maintaining global stability, particularly in the Indo-Pacific War Theatre.
Despite occasional border tensions, India and China have significant economic synergies, particularly in trade and infrastructure development. Both countries are members of the BRICS group and share an interest in creating a multipolar world order.
India and Russia have a long-standing relationship, particularly in defence and energy. Russia was key supplier of military equipment to India, and both countries collaborate on energy projects, including nuclear power.
The India-Israel relationship was marked by strong defence and technological ties. Israel was major supplier of military technology to India, and both countries collaborate on agricultural and water management projects.
The US-Israel relationship was characterized by strong political, military, and economic ties. The US provides significant military aid for Israel, and both countries collaborate on technological innovation and intelligence sharing.
The China-Russia relationship was marked by strong economic and military ties. Both countries collaborate on energy projects and share a common interest in handling US influence globally.
The Pentagon’s war plans, often driven by scenario-building based on paranoia, reflects research-intensive approach on conflict. Intelligence gathering, aimed at stoking latent hatreds and creating new enemies in the form of terrorist movements and state sponsors of terrorism, supports these war plans. This approach, combined with the war-mongering UK-US Special Relationship and the US Military Industrial Academic Complex, perpetuates a cycle of conflict. Julian Assange’s caution that all wars in the last 50 years were created by great media lies underscores the role of the international media in shaping public perception and justifying military interventions.
Trump’s disdain for the war-mongering UK-US Special Relationship, his contempt for the international media, and his belief that the Deep State will end America if America does not end the Deep State reflect the disruptive approach on traditional power structures. Trump’s views would result in reconfiguration of the US-led global security framework, particularly based on the belief that the EU and NATO are redundant. Instead, Trump sees the US-led global security framework as comprising other Asia-Pacific powers like India, China, Russia, and Japan, in that order of importance.
The US-led QUAD, comprising India, Japan, and Australia, reflects a strategic shift towards the Indo-Pacific region. This framework aligns with Trump’s vision of a US-led global security framework and counterbalances China in the region.
Dear All, those who want advice on any legal matter, need Solicitor or AI input on anything can whatsApp me at +60168012984. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Thanks
SPECIAL NOTIFICATION . . .
QR Code For Blog Sponsorship . . .
Banking details for Blog sponsorship are as follows:
Country: Malaysia
Bank: MayBank
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Account No:
160148889580
Account Type: Savings
The Blog uses this Admin account: Rosaline Kotter.
Thanks
Joseph
+60168012984 (WhatsApp)
+601127645133 (WhatsApp)
https://fernzthegreat.wordpress.com/
Dear All,
We will post Articles from the Blog and related websites in this dedicated chat group as form of public education based on connecting the dots and/or embedded intelligence gathering or insights.
https://chat.whatsapp.com/EUPbr3G9Ozi8k9WWxi4oZu
We seek sponsors for the Blog. Any amount will do.
No obligations.
Sponsorship can be via auto debit every three or four months or more frequently.
Alternatively, readers can make small transfer on personal-to-holder basis, and thereby help facilitate the cash flow.
Sponsorship or transfer, no matter how small, will help underwrite the time cost management of maintaining the Blog which will be seven years old this year. It’s not monetised.
We are open if readers propose lifetime sponsorship based on one time payment. We don’t have any figure in mind. We welcome suggestions.
Some of the funds raised by sponsorship would provide scholarship for students not in school. They can attend private tuition which would focus on foundation for entering university.
The Blog was about independent media on creating public awareness and building up public perceptions on matters of public concern and matters of public interest.
The media, being the 4th Estate, remains about the above matters.
The AG’s role and functions, under Article 145, also refer.
Again, the bottom line was that the Blog would focus on public education based on connecting the dots and/or embedded intelligence gathering and insights.
Hopefully, that helps makes difference for the better. Thanks
AI Feedback On Joe Fernandez . . .
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Thursday, 5 September 2024
Negrito (Semang), First People In Malaya, Came From Kerala In SouthWest India, 40K Years Ago . . .
Negrito (Semang), First People In Malaya, Came From Kerala In SouthWest India, 40K Years Ago . . .
https://fernzthegreat.wordpress.com/2024/09/05/negrito-semang-first-people-in-malaya-came-from-kerala-in-southwest-india-40k-years-ago/
Blue, grey and green eyes and blonde hair were exposed in mountain valley in north India when the brown genes disappeared!
Sunday, 1 September 2024
Mahathir Interprets Malay As 'Race' And 'Blood' . . .
The public perception remains that former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad isn't "Malay" unlike those with family roots in the Archipelago, originally Indian, then Malay, now Indonesian!
Commentary And Analysis . . . In law, it must be stressed at the very outset, that there's no such thing in Malaysia as bona fide Malay vs constitutional Malay as raised in the ongoing court case involving Umno President Datuk Seri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi and former Prime Minister Tun Mahathir Mohamad. The former has conceded roots in Java. The latter has been linked in the public mind with the "Kutty" (little in Malayalam) image in Kerala, southwest India.
Bona fide Malay, for those unfamiliar, are those considered by public perception as having roots and heritage in the Archipelago. It may be fall back on anthropology as declared by case law. Read Petmal Oil (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v Che Mariah Mohd Tahir (Trading As Delta Mee Enterprise) [1994] 3 CLJ 638.
The case law by the High Court of Malaya states that "Malay in the Federal Constitution is an anthropological classification rather than based on 'race'. It's inclusionary in nature".
Malay was Defined in Article 160(2) as "form of identity" based on Muslim, habitually speaking Malay, and born or domiciled in Singapore or Malaya by Merdeka 31 August 1957.
Their descendants are also Malay by "form of identity".
Article 160(2) mentions no Malay race, no Malay blood and no Malay DNA.
There are questions being raised in the following external links . . . https://newswav.com/article/getting-to-the-bottom-of-whether-tun-m-is-a-bona-fide-malay-or-a-constituti-A2408_qZlA5l?s=A_AJhSr4E&language=en
https://newswav.com/article/accused-of-being-a-kutty-by-zahid-dr-mahathir-tells-court-i-m-a-malay-and-m-A2408_kiyOax?s=A_WqtzQHj&language=en
https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/724186
The 1st Prong and 2nd Prong in Article 160(2) must be read together for Definition of Malay as "form of identity".
The Constitution mentions no other "form of identity".
In law, Article 8 in Malaysia, there can be no discrimination. The Constitution cannot go against itself.
The Constitution, Parliament, the court of law -- colour blind institutions -- cannot get into "race", religion, theology, language, culture, anthropology, geographical origin, blood and DNA, among others.
It's widely known that many people in Sabah and Sarawak, who don't originate from Singapore or Malaya, are listed in the MyKad as Malay by "form of identity".
The following link tells the story on person born in India:
https://newmalaysiaherald.com/2022/08/09/advocate-wants-court-to-probe-citizenship-of-sabah-mic-chief/
Mahathir . . .
Mahathir, based on the Definition of Malay in Article 160(2), may be misleading on the term Malay, aberration in law, in the Constitution. The public perception remains that Mahathir isn't "Malay" unlike those with family roots in the Archipelago, originally Indian, then Malay, now Indonesian.
Read this external link which raises related issues . . . https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/240834/dr-mahathir-i-m-not-ashamed-to-say-i-have-some-indian-blood-but-i-m-malay/
Article 160 defines many terms in the Constitution.
Malay . . .
Malay arises from language -- Johor Rhio Lingga version -- as seen in Bahasa Melayu 20K words, half of Bahasa Malaysia 40K words and 20K words in Bahasa Indonesia 127K words. Article 152 defines Bahasa Melayu as the national language.
Malay isn't race, nationality or citizenship.
Mahathir finally conceded that he isn't ashamed that he has Indian blood but claims that otherwise he's Malay, implying by blood. It was not so long ago that Mahathir told the media that he doesn't know from which part of India his people came from and that in any case he has only "spoonfuls of Indian blood, otherwise he's Malay".
Indian Muslim remains term used in India by all Muslim.
When Mahathir for example was enrolled at Singapore University, Lee Kuan Yew told the Johor Sultan that he (Mahathir) was listed as Indian Muslim. Mahathir and four other students with him allegedly didn't meet entry requirements. The British allowed them entry on the grounds of special circumstances, based on the fact that there wasn't even one doctor, from among Muslim, in Singapore and Malaya.
Christian, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Parsi, Hindu in India, as further example on better particulars, are not hyphenated.
The question has also arisen in India on why Muslim in the subcontinent say Indian Muslim.
Arab outside Saudi Arabia feel that Muslim in India and elsewhere are not “real Muslim”.
The Quran was codified by the 3rd Caliph, Uthman, for Islam as “form of identity” for the people in Saudi Arabia. The Quran was then not in the Arabic language which had no writing. It was in Aramaic, the language of Jesus and Syria.
The Saudi King, now late, told then Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan that “Islam came from outside. India is Hindu Land”.
Imran Khan wanted OIC (Organisation of Islamic Countries) meet on Kashmir.
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/06/11/dr-m-only-spoonfuls-of-indian-blood-in-me-i-am-otherwise-malay/1640700
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2024/08/27/dr-m-clarifies-ancestry-not-indian-muslim-but-likely-of-indian-descent-like-many-penang-malay-muslims/148392
Blood . . .
Indian isn't blood but nationality just like Malaysian, Chinese, American, Australian, Canadian, South African and British, among others. Anyone eligible can apply for these citizenship. Indian can be about roots and heritage as well.
Former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak for example, who has family roots in India said, on St George's Day this year, that he was proud "English". He added that he was also proud of Hindu heritage and Indian roots. Sunak speaks no other language besides English. His parents probably spoke Hindi and/or Punjabi back in west Punjab (now in Pakistan), later in east Africa, and then in India where they fled, before settling in England.
Sunak's mother wanted the son, born in Southampton in England, "accepted" by society around them. So, he habitually spoke English and no other language.
Sunak told the media that society should be blamed for his "form of identity".
Genes . . .
There are no English genes. DNA remains warehouse for genes viz. the instruction manual for making the physical body based on energy, intelligence, and the elusive element called "luck".
All human beings have the same DNA, as race/species of homo sapiens, and come from various blood groups viz. A, AB, B, and O. Homo sapiens remains protected on procreation with other species by genetic barrier created by evolution spanning millions of years. Even so, the difference between human DNA, cucumber and pig, remains less than tiny fraction of one per cent.
O, the universal donor, can donate blood for all but can receive only from O.
A can receive from A and O.
AB, the universal recipient, can receive from A, AB, B and O.
B can receive from B and O.
Mahathir has been mixing up the terms, Malay and Indian, by mentioning blood.
English Speaker . . .
I cited Sunak, for example, at JPN (Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara or National Registration Dept).
I, as habitual English speaker and speaking like Sunak no other language, should be listed in the MyKad as English, not Indian. I hold Malaysian citizenship, not Indian, and British Empire birth certificate.
There are no genes for blue eyes, grey eyes, green eyes and blonde hair.
The pigment cells are immune system reaction when sunlight falls on the human skin, eyes and hair. The pigment cells unleash melanin which protects the eyes, hair and skin from burning up in the sun. If there isn't melanin, the pigment cells being fewer, the skin turns red and virtually burns.
The eyes and hair were exposed when the brown genes, for the first time, disappeared in the mountain valleys in north India when the Sanskrit-speaking Aryan descended from Albino Dravidian speakers.
The people in these mountain valleys still have blue, grey and green eyes, blonde hair, and fewer pigment cells.
Blue, grey and green eyes were not rare in the rest of India including in the south and east where people, generally, have more pigment cells than those in the west and north.
The people in the south and east came from the west and north.
Buddha . . .
Buddha, it's often not known, had blue eyes, goldish hue skin and hair worn in small curls.
Buddha, in digressing little, can be explained.
Einstein said that Buddha found what he was looking for and came nearest for science. Buddha sought end for human suffering and came up with the noble eightfold path and four noble truth.
Buddha saw nirvana -- eternal bliss -- which has been variously translated as heaven and paradise. He saw no God. In ancient India, sanatana (science) dharma (duties) and Hinduism, there's no God the Creator.
The people felt there was paramatma -- great spirit -- which permeates everything. The Holy Spirit gets mention in the Holy Bible, the Word of God, on the spiritual nature of truth.
Brahmin (the Aryan priests) created the caste system based on varna (colour). The caste system prohibited upward social mobility based on discriminatory and politically incorrect practices. In law, Article 8 in Malaysia, there can be no discrimination save as provided by law in the form of sunset clause which must have expiry date.
The Indian Constitution, based on international law, outlawed the caste system in 1947.
Brahmin preached on past lives, allegedly distorted the interpretation of Karma -- cause and effect -- from past lives, rebirth and reincarnation. These were all deemed politically incorrect and not backed by science.
Sunset Clause . . .
Article 160(2), in taking up the cudgels again, became redundant in 1972 when the 15 year sunset clause which propped up Article 153 -- now redundant as well -- expired as form of caste system in Malaysia.
The Mahathir v Zahid case on the latter's alleged "kutty" remark shows there's case for amending Article 4 for automatic dropping of redundant clauses without the intervention of Parliament and/or the court of law, the pre-meeting Council of Rulers (only heads of state) and the Conference of Rulers (heads of government present).
The Article first appeared here . . . https://newmalaysiaherald.com/2024/08/30/mahathir-interprets-malay-as-race-and-blood/
#redundant #Article4 #parliament #court #malay #article153 #article160(2) #sunsetclause #caste #karma #mahathir #Indian